Effect of Swimming on Body Image and Self-Esteem in Adults

Abstract

Engagement in physical and athletic activities may enhance body image and psychological well-being; however, evidence on the effects of swimming on body image and self-esteem among adults remains limited. To determine the effect of swimming on body image (BI) and self-esteem (SE)among adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months in various swimming facilities in Lahore, Pakistan, including the University of Lahore Sports Complex, Punjab University Swimming Team, Punjab International Swimming Complex, and HUFC Swimming Pool. A total of 70 participants (25 males, 45 females) were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Body Image Scale (BIS). Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were applied. Participants showed a mean body image score of 50.10 ± 7.55 and self-esteem score of 13.40 ± 4.03. Regression analysis showed a significant positive association between swimming and body image (p < 0.001), whereas swimming demonstrated a significant negative association with self-esteem (p < 0.001). The practitioners may promote swimming activities and incorporate such activities into health promotional and recreational programs as an effective strategy for enhancing body image among adults. Swimming may contribute to more positive BI among adults; however, its impact on SE appears to be more complex and not uniformly beneficial. These findings highlight the need to consider broader psychological factors when evaluating the psychological outcomes of physical activity participants.